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<div dir="ltr"><span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">This is an announcement of Synthia Wang's MS Presentation</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">===============================================</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">Candidate: Synthia Wang</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">Date: Monday, May 15, 2023</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">Time: 11 am CST</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">Location: JCL 298</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">M.S. Paper Title: MEASURING THE CONSOLIDATION OF DNS AND WEB HOSTING PROVIDERS</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">Abstract: Despite the Internet’s continued growth, it increasingly depends on a small
set of service</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">providers to support Domain Name System (DNS) and web content hosting. This trend poses</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">a variety of potential threats to the Internet, including susceptibility to outages,
failures,</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">and potential censorship by providers. Increasingly, an outage from a single organization</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">can create widespread disruption across a large number of sites and services. Although
the</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">consolidation towards a small set of providers have been noted for several years, the
degree</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">of consolidation over time has not been fully quantified. As such, this paper aims
to quantify</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">consolidation in terms of popular domains’ reliance on a small set of organizations
for DNS</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">and web hosting. We highlight the extent to which a set of relatively few platforms
host the</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">authoritative name servers and web content for the top 10,000 websites. The findings
are</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">surprising and somewhat alarming. We find that over 75% of the top 10,000 domains rely</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">on only a single organization for hosting authoritative DNS resolution. Furthermore,
two</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">organizations, Cloudflare and Amazon, are the sole host of DNS name servers for over
37% of</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">these popular domains. In terms of web hosting, we find that 61% of index pages and
many</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">external page resources for the top 10,000 websites are hosted by only five organizations:</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">Cloudflare, Amazon, Akamai, Fastly, and Google.</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">Advisors: Nick Feamster</span><br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<br style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px;">
<span style="text-decoration: none; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666667px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">Committee Members: Marshini Chetty, Junchen Jiang, and Nick Feamster</span><br>
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