<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><h3 style="margin:0px 0px 0.5em"><font size="4"><b><font color="#0b5394" face="verdana, sans-serif"><i>TTIC Distinguished Lecture Series: </i></font></b><br></font></h3><h1 style="margin:0in;line-height:26.25pt;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-0.2pt"><font size="4" color="#0b5394"><a href="https://eas.caltech.edu/people/perona" target="_blank">Pietro Perona</a></font></span><b><font size="4"><font size="2" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font color="#0b5394">,</font> </font><font face="arial, sans-serif">California Institute of Technology</font></font></b></h1><h3 style="font-size:small;margin:0px 0px 0.5em;color:rgb(48,48,48);font-family:verdana,tahoma,arial,sans-serif"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:18pt"> </span><img src="cid:ii_kn66a8oc1" alt="image.png" width="104" height="151" style="font-size:12.8px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-right:0px"></p></h3><div style="font-size:12.8px"><span style="width:177px;height:188px"><img style="margin-right:0px"></span></div><div style="font-size:12.8px"><h3 style="font-size:1.3em;margin:0px 0px 0.5em;color:rgb(48,48,48)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">Thursday, April 15, 2021 at 11:10 am CT</font></h3></div><div><b><i><span style="line-height:13.91px"><font face="arial, sans-serif">Lecture will be held virtually: </font></span></i></b><br></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:13.91px;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="4"><a href="https://uchicagogroup.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_gJNlLLSESy2r8-oSzgKC-g" style="color:blue" target="_blank"><b><span style="line-height:19.26px;color:rgb(93,57,247)">Register in advance here</span></b></a></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;font-size:12.8px;line-height:normal"><font face="verdana, sans-serif" color="#0b5394"><b>Pietro Perona</b></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;line-height:normal;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><i>Allen E. Puckett Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computation and Neural Systems</i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:normal"><i style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Director of the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center in </i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:normal"><i style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Neuromorphic Systems Engineering</i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;font-size:12.8px;line-height:normal"><span style="color:rgb(48,48,48);font-size:12.16px"><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></span></p></div><hr style="font-size:12.16px;color:rgb(48,48,48)"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><b>Title:</b> A Sense for Number and Quantity as an Emergent Property of a Manipulating Agent</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><font face="arial, sans-serif"> </font></p><b>Abstract: </b>The ability to understand and manipulate numbers and quantities emerges during childhood, but the mechanism through which this ability is developed is still poorly understood. In particular, it is not known whether acquiring such a `number sense' is possible without supervision from a teacher.<br><br>To explore this question, we propose a model in which spontaneous and undirected manipulation of small objects trains perception to predict the resulting scene changes. We find that, from this task, a representation emerges that supports understanding numbers and quantity. Emergent properties include distinct categories for zero and the first few natural numbers, a notion of order, and a signal that correlates with numerical quantity. As a result, our model acquires the ability to estimate the number of objects in the scene, as well as `subitization', i.e. the ability to recognize at a glance the exact number of objects in small scenes. We conclude that important aspects of a facility with numbers and quantities may be learned without explicit teacher supervision.<br><br>Joint work with Neehar Kondapaneni<br><br> <font face="arial, sans-serif"><b>Bio: </b>Pietro Perona received a Ph.D. in electrical engineering and computer science from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1990. In 1990, he was postdoctoral fellow at the International Computer Science Institute at Berkeley. From 1990 to 1991, he was a postdoctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems. In the fall of 1991, Perona joined the California Institute of Technology as assistant professor. He became full professor in 1996 and the Allen E. Puckett Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computation and Neural Systems in 2006. From 1999 to 2005, Perona was the director of the National Science Foundation Center for Neuromorphic Systems Engineering. Since 2005, he has led the Computation and Neural Systems program at the California Institute of Technology.<br><br>Perona’s research focuses on the computational aspects of vision and learning. He is known for the anisotropic diffusion equation, a partial differential equation that filters image noise while enhancing region boundaries. He is currently interested in visual recognition and in visual analysis of behavior. In the early 2000s, Perona pioneered the study of visual categorization. Currently, in collaboration with colleagues Michael Dickinson and David Anderson, he applies machine vision to measuring and analyzing the behavior of laboratory animals.<br><br>Perona is the recipient of the 2013 Longuet-Higgins Prize and of the 2010 Koenderink Prize for fundamental contributions in computer vision. He is the recipient of the 2003 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers–Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition best paper award. He is also the recipient of a 1996 NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award.<br><br>Current Project: Outer Brain and Inner Brain: Computational Principles and Interactions<br>Past Project: Neural computation of innate defensive behavioral decisions<br><br><b>Host</b>: <a href="mailto:mturk@ttic.edu" target="_blank"><b>Matthew Turk</b></a></font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:15.6933px;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:14.2667px"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:15.6933px;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:13.91px"><span style="font-size:11pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><font color="#3d85c6" face="georgia, serif"><b><i>Distinguished Lecture Series:</i></b></font></span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(85,85,85);background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"> </span><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;color:rgb(85,85,85)">for questions and comments contact </span><b><span style="line-height:13.91px"><a href="mailto:j3xu@ttic.edu" style="color:blue" target="_blank"><span style="line-height:13.91px;color:rgb(0,110,182);background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">Jinbo Xu</span></a></span></b><b><span style="color:rgb(85,85,85);background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">.</span></b></font></p><p style="font-size:12.16px;color:rgb(48,48,48)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><strong><br></strong></font></p><p style="font-size:12.16px;color:rgb(48,48,48)"></p><img src="cid:ii_kn66edsg2" alt="image.png" width="189" height="58" style="margin-right:0px"><br clear="all"></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><b>(<i>Updated</i> DLS poster attached)</b></font></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br></div><div><div dir="ltr" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Mary C. Marre</font><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Faculty Administrative Support</font></div><div><i><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#3d85c6"><b>Toyota Technological Institute</b></font></i></div><div><i><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#3d85c6">6045 S. Kenwood Avenue</font></i></div><div><i><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#3d85c6">Room 517</font></i></div><div><i><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#3d85c6">Chicago, IL 60637</font></i></div><div><i><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">p:(773) 834-1757</font></i></div><div><i><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">f: (773) 357-6970</font></i></div><div><b><i><a href="mailto:mmarre@ttic.edu" target="_blank"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">mmarre@ttic.edu</font></a></i></b></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Apr 6, 2021 at 10:45 AM Mary Marre <<a href="mailto:mmarre@ttic.edu" target="_blank">mmarre@ttic.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div><h3 style="margin:0px 0px 0.5em"><font size="4"><b><font color="#0b5394" face="verdana, sans-serif"><i><span>TTIC Distinguished</span> <span>Lecture</span> <span>Series</span>: </i></font></b><br></font></h3><h1 style="margin:0in;line-height:26.25pt;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-0.2pt"><font size="4" color="#0b5394"><a href="https://eas.caltech.edu/people/perona" target="_blank">Pietro Perona</a></font></span><b><font size="4"><font size="2" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font color="#0b5394">,</font> </font><font face="arial, sans-serif">California Institute of Technology</font></font></b></h1><h3 style="font-size:small;margin:0px 0px 0.5em;color:rgb(48,48,48);font-family:verdana,tahoma,arial,sans-serif"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:18pt"> </span><img src="cid:ii_kn66a8oc1" alt="image.png" width="133" height="193" style="font-size:12.8px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-right:0px"></p></h3><div style="font-size:12.8px"><span style="width:177px;height:188px"><img style="margin-right:0px"></span></div><div style="font-size:12.8px"><h3 style="font-size:1.3em;margin:0px 0px 0.5em;color:rgb(48,48,48)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">Thursday, April 15, 2021 at 11:10 am CT</font></h3></div><div><b><i><span style="line-height:107%"><font face="arial, sans-serif">Lecture
will be held virtually: </font></span></i></b><br></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="4"><a href="https://uchicagogroup.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_gJNlLLSESy2r8-oSzgKC-g" style="color:blue" target="_blank"><b><span style="line-height:107%;color:rgb(93,57,247)">Register in advance
here</span></b></a></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px;margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:normal"><font face="verdana, sans-serif" color="#0b5394"><b>Pietro Perona</b></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;line-height:normal;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><i>Allen E. Puckett Professor of
Electrical Engineering and Computation and Neural Systems</i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:normal">
<i style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Director of the National Science
Foundation Engineering Research Center in </i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:normal"><i style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Neuromorphic Systems Engineering</i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px;margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:normal"><span style="color:rgb(48,48,48);font-size:12.16px"><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></span></p></div><hr style="font-size:12.16px;color:rgb(48,48,48)"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><b>Title:</b> A Sense for Number and Quantity
as an Emergent Property of a Manipulating Agent</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><font face="arial, sans-serif"> </font></p><b>Abstract: </b>The ability to understand and manipulate numbers and quantities emerges during childhood, but the mechanism through which this ability is developed is still poorly understood. In particular, it is not known whether acquiring such a `number sense' is possible without supervision from a teacher.<br><br>To explore this question, we propose a model in which spontaneous and undirected manipulation of small objects trains perception to predict the resulting scene changes. We find that, from this task, a representation emerges that supports understanding numbers and quantity. Emergent properties include distinct categories for zero and the first few natural numbers, a notion of order, and a signal that correlates with numerical quantity. As a result, our model acquires the ability to estimate the number of objects in the scene, as well as `subitization', i.e. the ability to recognize at a glance the exact number of objects in small scenes. We conclude that important aspects of a facility with numbers and quantities may be learned without explicit teacher supervision.<br><br>Joint work with Neehar Kondapaneni<br><br> <font face="arial, sans-serif"><b>Bio: </b>Pietro Perona received a Ph.D. in electrical engineering and computer science from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1990. In 1990, he was postdoctoral fellow at the International Computer Science Institute at Berkeley. From 1990 to 1991, he was a postdoctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems. In the fall of 1991, Perona joined the California Institute of Technology as assistant professor. He became full professor in 1996 and the Allen E. Puckett Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computation and Neural Systems in 2006. From 1999 to 2005, Perona was the director of the National Science Foundation Center for Neuromorphic Systems Engineering. Since 2005, he has led the Computation and Neural Systems program at the California Institute of Technology.<br><br>Perona’s research focuses on the computational aspects of vision and learning. He is known for the anisotropic diffusion equation, a partial differential equation that filters image noise while enhancing region boundaries. He is currently interested in visual recognition and in visual analysis of behavior. In the early 2000s, Perona pioneered the study of visual categorization. Currently, in collaboration with colleagues Michael Dickinson and David Anderson, he applies machine vision to measuring and analyzing the behavior of laboratory animals.<br><br>Perona is the recipient of the 2013 Longuet-Higgins Prize and of the 2010 Koenderink Prize for fundamental contributions in computer vision. He is the recipient of the 2003 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers–Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition best paper award. He is also the recipient of a 1996 NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award.<br><br>Current Project: Outer Brain and Inner Brain: Computational Principles and Interactions<br>Past Project: Neural computation of innate defensive behavioral decisions<br><br><b>Host</b>: <a href="mailto:mturk@ttic.edu" target="_blank"><b>Matthew Turk</b></a></font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:107%"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%"><span style="font-size:11pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><font color="#3d85c6" face="georgia, serif"><b><i>Distinguished Lecture Series:</i></b></font></span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(85,85,85);background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"> </span><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;color:rgb(85,85,85)">for questions and comments contact </span><b><span style="line-height:107%"><a href="mailto:j3xu@ttic.edu" style="color:blue" target="_blank"><span style="line-height:107%;color:rgb(0,110,182);background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">Jinbo Xu</span></a></span></b><b><span style="color:rgb(85,85,85);background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">.</span></b></font></p><p style="font-size:12.16px;color:rgb(48,48,48)">
<font face="verdana, sans-serif"><strong><br></strong></font></p><p style="font-size:12.16px;color:rgb(48,48,48)"></p><img src="cid:ii_kn66edsg2" alt="image.png" width="189" height="58" style="margin-right:0px"><p style="font-size:12.16px;color:rgb(48,48,48)"><br></p><p style="font-size:12.16px;color:rgb(48,48,48)"><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><strong><br></strong></font></p></div><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Mary C. Marre</font><div><i><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#3d85c6"><b>Toyota Technological Institute</b></font></i><br></div><div><i><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#3d85c6">6045 S. Kenwood Avenue</font></i></div><div><i><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#3d85c6">Chicago, IL 60637</font></i><br></div><div><b><i><a href="mailto:mmarre@ttic.edu" target="_blank"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">mmarre@ttic.edu</font></a></i></b><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
</blockquote></div></div>